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经皮胆镜碎石取石术-胆结石的治疗方法

来源:中华普通外科杂志 作者:秩名 时间:2009-04-12 浏览:

中华普通外科杂志
CHINESE JOURNAL OF GENERAL SURGERY 2000 Vol.15 No.7 P.420-422
经皮胆镜行碎石取石术治疗胆囊结石
295例疗效观察
曾俊群 姚松森 熊六林 张国喜 玉秋红 何申戌

【摘要】目的 评价经皮胆镜碎石取石术治疗胆囊结石的远期疗效。 
方法 自1990年10月至1993年12月采用经皮胆镜碎石取石术治疗胆囊结石病人336例,随访5年以上295例,失访41例。 结果 295例胆囊结石病人采用经皮胆镜碎石取石术术后5年复发率19%(55/295),其中胆囊功能正常组复发率(15%, 15/189)明显低于非正常组(27%,29/106)(P<0.01);术后预防服药组复发率(14%, 31/227)明显低于非预防服药组(35%,24/68)(P<0.01)。在复发的55例胆囊结石中,合并胆绞痛1例,上腹痛1例,腹部不适8例,其余45例均无症状。在未复发的240例中分别有2例发生腹痛和腹胀。 结论 经皮胆镜碎石取石术术后远期复发率低,且大多无症状,可作为胆囊结构、功能大致正常的胆囊结石的首选治疗方法。

【关键词】 碎石术; 胆结石; 复发

The long-term results of percutaneous cholecystolithotomy in 295 gallstone patients ZENG Junqun,YAO Songsen,XIONG Liulin,et al. The Institute of Applied Lithotripsy Technique, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100034,China
【Abstract】 Objective To assess the long-term
results of percutaneous cholecystolithotomy (PCCL). Methods 336
gallstone cases were treated by PCCL in our unit from Oct.1990 to Dec. 1993, 295 cases
were followed up for more than 5 years by both B-mode ultrasound examination and clinical
assessment to observe gallstone recurrence rate. Results the overall
stone recurrence rate was 19%(55/295) from Oct.1990 to Dec.1993. The stone recurrence rate
of 189 gallstone patients with normal gallbladder function was 15%(15/189) and that of 106
patients with abnormal gallbladder function was 27%(29/106,P<0.01). The stone
recurrence rate of 227 cases who took medicine postoperatively was 14%(31/227) and that of
68 cases who did not take medicine preventively was 35%(24/68,P<0.01).Of the 55
patients with recurrent stones, 45 remain asymptomatic;One has experienced biliary
colic, one abdominal pain, 8 nonspecific upper gastrointestinal symptoms;4 of the 240
stone free patients have remained symptomatic, two with abdominal pain and two with
flatulence. Conclusion It is concluded that the gallstone recurrence
rate after percutaneous cholecystolithotomy (PCCL) is low, the majority of the patients
with recurrent gallstone are asymptomatic, therefore, percutaneous cholecystolithotomy
(PCCL) remains as the first choice in the management of gallstone patients with basically
normal gallbladder structure and function.
【Key words】Lithotripsy;  Cholelithiasis; Recurrence

  经皮胆镜碎石取石术(percutaneous
cholecystolithotomy,PCCL)最早见于1985年,用于治疗高危性急性胆囊炎(经肝途径)[1]。在经皮肾镜的基础上,Kellett等[2]首次用内窥镜经腹途径治疗胆囊结石。国内90年代后陆续开展此项手术,但尚缺乏对其远期疗效的报道。我所自1990年10月至1993年12月用PCCL治疗胆囊结石病人336例,随访5年以上295例,失访41例,现将295例治疗情况及随访结果报告如下。

临床资料
  一、一般资料
  本组295例胆囊结石中男73例(25%,73/295),女222例(75%,222/295),年龄23~66岁,平均40岁,45岁以下155例(51%,155/295),45岁以上140例(49%,140/295)。无症状胆囊结石7例,有症状胆囊结石288例。按结石数量分为单发与多发,单发结石125例(43%,125/295),多发结石170例(57%,170/295);结石直径大于2cm者39例(16%,39/295),小于2cm者156例(84%,156/295)。临床症状为季肋部隐痛型204例(73%,204/295),绞痛型84例(27%,84/295)。本组对131例采用化学分析法对结石进行定性分析,其中胆固醇结石70例(53%,70/295),胆色素结石14例(11%,14/295),混合性结石47例(36%,47/295)。
  二、病例选择
  所有病人术前均做B超和口服胆囊造影(oral cholecystograghy,OCG),凡B超显示胆囊壁不足3mm、OCG示胆囊显影好、脂餐后胆囊收缩50%以上者为胆囊功能正常;B超示胆囊壁超过3mm、OCG示胆囊不显影或有显影、脂餐后胆囊收缩50%以下者为胆囊功能不正常。本组胆囊功能正常者189例(64%,189/295),胆囊功能不正常者106例(36%,106/295)。

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